tarix
Qadimgi yunoncha tishli qurilma topildi
In the West, in 300 BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle described the problem of using bronze or cast iron gears to transmit rotational motion in "Mechanical Problems". The famous Greek scholars Aristotle and Archimedes have studied gears. The famous Greek inventor Gutisibios evenly inserted pins on the edge of the circular table to make it mesh with the pin wheel. He applied this mechanism to engraving. This is about 150 BC. In 100 BC, Herron, the Alexandrian inventor, invented the odometer and used gears in the odometer. In the 1st century AD, a gear transmission was also used in the waterwheel mill made by the Roman architect Pidobis. By the 14th century, gears began to be used in clocks.
Urushayotgan davlatlar davrining oxirida temir bronza tishli
In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty (1st century AD), there were herringbone gears. The guide car and the Jili drum car that appeared in the Three Kingdoms period have adopted a gear transmission system. The water-rotating continuous mill invented by Du Yu in the Jin Dynasty transmits the power of the water wheel to the stone mill through gears. The earliest record of the gear transmission system in the history books is the description of the armillary sphere made by Xing Yi and Liang Lingzhan in the Tang Dynasty in 725. The water transport instrument elephant table (see ancient Chinese timepieces) made in the Northern Song Dynasty used a complicated gear system. In the Ming Dynasty Mao Yuanyi's "Wu Bei Zhi" (written in 1621) recorded a rack and pinion transmission. An iron ratchet gear was discovered in the ruins of the ancient city of Anwuji, Hebei, excavated in 1956. The diameter of the wheel is about 80 mm. Although it is incomplete, the iron quality is better. After research, it is confirmed that it is the end of the Warring States period (3rd century BC). Products from the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC to 24 AD). Bronze spine gears were unearthed in Changjiaya, Yongji County, Shanxi Province in 1954. With reference to the artifacts unearthed in Tongkeng, it can be concluded that they are the relics of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) or the early Western Han Dynasty. The wheel has 40 teeth and the diameter is about 25 mm. Regarding the purpose of the ratchet gear, no written records have been found so far, and it is speculated that it may be used for braking to prevent the axle from turning backwards. A pair of bronze herringbone gears were unearthed in Hongqing Village, Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province in 1953. Based on the analysis of the tomb structure and the tomb objects, it can be determined that the pair of gears came from the early Eastern Han Dynasty. Both wheels have 24 teeth and a diameter of about 15 mm. The same herringbone gear was also found in Hengyang and other places. 1
Gear transmission structure diagram in "Wu Bei Zhi"
1694-yildayoq fransuz olimi FİLIPPE DE LA HIR birinchi marta involventdan tish profilining egri chizig‘i sifatida foydalanish mumkinligini taklif qilgan. 1733 yilda frantsuz M.CAMUS tishli tishning aloqa nuqtasining umumiy normasi markaziy chiziqdagi tugun orqali o'tishi kerakligini taklif qildi. Yordamchi lahzali markaz chizig'i katta g'ildirak va kichik g'ildirakning tezkor markaz chizig'i bo'ylab sof aylanayotganda, yordamchi lahzali markaz chizig'i bilan mahkam bog'langan yordamchi tish profili katta g'ildirakda va kichik g'ildirakda ikkita tish profilini hosil qiladi. g'ildirak. Egri chiziqlar bir-biriga konjugat bo'lib, bu CAMUS teoremasi. U ikkita tish sirtining to'qnashuv holatini hisobga oladi; u aloqa nuqtasining traektoriyasining zamonaviy kontseptsiyasini aniq belgilaydi. 1765 yilda shveytsariyalik L. EULER involvent tish profilini analitik tadqiq qilishning matematik asosini ilgari surdi va tish profili egri chizig'ining egrilik radiusi va to'rga tutashgan bir juft tishli g'ildirakning egrilik markazi o'rtasidagi munosabatni aniqlab berdi. Keyinchalik SAVARY bu usulni yakunladi va EU-LET-SAVARY tenglamasiga aylandi. Involvent tish profilini qo'llashga hissa ROTEFT WULLS hisoblanadi. U markaz masofasi o'zgarganda, involyut tishli o'zgarmas burchak tezligi nisbati afzalligi borligini taklif qildi. 1873 yilda nemis muhandisi HOPPE bosim burchagi o'zgarganda turli xil sonli tishlarga ega bo'lgan tishli viteslarning evolyut tish profilini taklif qildi va shu bilan zamonaviy vites almashinuvi haqida fikr yuritish uchun asos yaratdi.
19-asrning oxirida generativ tishli kesish usuli printsipi va tishli uzatmalarni kesish uchun ushbu printsipdan foydalangan holda maxsus dastgohlar va asboblarning paydo bo'lishi tishli ishlov berishni to'liqroq qildi va evolyut tish profili katta afzalliklarni ko'rsatdi. Tishli kesish paytida tishli kesish moslamasi odatdagi to'r joyidan biroz harakatlantirilsa, mos keladigan almashtirilgan vitesni dastgohda standart asbob bilan kesish mumkin. 1908 yilda Shveytsariya MAAG joy o'zgartirish usulini tadqiq qildi va tishli shakllantirish mashinasini ishlab chiqardi. Keyinchalik, Britaniya BSS, Amerika AGMA va Germaniya DIN ketma-ket tishli almashtirish uchun turli xil hisoblash usullarini taklif qildi.
Erta Xan sulolasi davridagi bronza baliq suyagi
In order to increase the service life of the power transmission gear and reduce its size, in addition to improvements in materials, heat treatment and structure, the arc-toothed gear has been developed. In 1907, the British FRANK HUMPHRIS first published the arc tooth profile. In 1926, ERUEST WILDHABER obtained the patent right for the arc tooth profile helical gear. In 1955, the Soviet Union's M. L. NOVIKOV completed the practical research on arc toothed gears and won the Lenin Medal. In 1970, the engineer of ROLH-ROYCE company R． M. STUDER has obtained a US patent for double circular arc gears. This kind of gear has been paid more and more attention to by people, and it has played a significant role in production.
Tishli g'ildiraklar bir-biriga mos keladigan tishli mexanik qismlardir. Ular mexanik uzatishda va butun mexanik sohada keng qo'llaniladi. Zamonaviy tishli texnologiyalar yetdi: tishli modul 0.004 dan 100 mm gacha; tishli diametri 1 mm dan 150 metrgacha; uzatish quvvati 100,000 kilovattgacha yetishi mumkin; aylanish tezligi daqiqada yuz minglab aylanishlarga yetishi mumkin; eng yuqori periferik tezlik 300 metr/sekundga yetishi mumkin.
Ishlab chiqarishning rivojlanishi bilan tishli ishning silliqligi baholandi. 1674 yilda daniyalik astronom Romer muammosiz ishlaydigan tishli uzatmani olish uchun birinchi marta epitsikloiddan tish profilining egri chizig'i sifatida foydalanishni taklif qildi.
18-asrdagi sanoat inqilobi davrida tishli mexanizmlar texnologiyasi tez rivojlandi va odamlar tishli mexanizmlar bo'yicha ko'plab tadqiqotlar o'tkazdilar. 1733 yilda frantsuz matematigi Kami tish profilining to'rlanishining asosiy qonunini nashr etdi; 1765 yilda shveytsariyalik matematik Eyler tish profilining egri chizig'i sifatida involventdan foydalanishni taklif qildi.
19-asrda yuqori aniqlikdagi tishli mexanizmlarni ommaviy ishlab chiqarish muammosini hal qilish uchun tishli ishlov berish va tishli shakl berish mashinalari paydo bo'ldi. 1900-yilda Profort tishli ishlov berish mashinasi uchun differensial moslamani o'rnatdi, u tishli tishli tishli dastgohda spiral viteslarni qayta ishlay oladi. O'shandan beri tishli ishlov berish mashinasi mashhur bo'lib ketdi va generativ usul viteslarni qayta ishlashda katta afzalliklarga ega. Involyut tishli uzatmalar eng ko'p qo'llaniladigan mexanizmga aylandi. .
1899 yilda Rasche birinchi marta viteslarni almashtirish sxemasini amalga oshirdi. O'zgartirilgan vites nafaqat tishli tishlarning yiqilishiga yo'l qo'ymaydi, balki markaz masofasiga mos kelishi va uzatmaning yuk ko'tarish qobiliyatini- yaxshilaydi. 1923 yilda amerikalik Wild Haber birinchi marta dumaloq yoy tish profiliga ega bo'lgan tishli mexanizmni taklif qildi. 1955-yilda Sunovykov dumaloq yoy uzatmalari-toʻgʻrisida chuqur tadqiqot oʻtkazdi va keyinchalik ishlab chiqarishda aylana yoy uzatmasi qoʻllanila boshlandi. Bunday tishli uzatmalar yuqori yuk koʻtarish qobiliyatiga-va samaradorlikka ega, lekin uni ishlab chiqarish involyut uzatmalar kabi oson emas va uni yanada takomillashtirish zarur.
